Current treatment issues

• Lower regeneration capacity: Artificial nerve conduit<<Allograft<<Autograft.
• Motor function recovery: Artificial nerve conduits 15-30%, Allograft 33-36%, Autograft 35-50%.
  - Source: Kornfeld et al., Int j Mol Sci, 2021-

Lower regeneration distance

• Optimal lengths: Artificial nerve conduit 15mm, Allograft 35mm, Autograft 80mm.

Adverse effects and problems during operation

Allograft

• Inflammation due to an immune response and immune rejection.
• Limited resources.

Autograft

• Dissection of intact nerve for the graft.
• Several operations for extraction and transplantation.

Current available nerve conduits

• Hollow tube type without any regeneration capacity.
• Lower rate of functional recovery: less than 30%.
• Possible immune rejection.